Quick Answer
Back up over a cable to a computer. Connect the iPhone to a Mac and use Finder, or to a Windows PC and use iTunes, then choose Back Up Now. This needs no Wi-Fi at all and is faster than iCloud. iCloud Backup can also run over cellular on iOS 17 and later, but only if you enable it and are willing to spend the data.
Cable Backup to a Computer
The reliable answer, and the one that works with no network whatsoever.
- Connect the iPhone to the computer and tap Trust on the phone if prompted.
- macOS Catalina or later: open Finder and select the iPhone in the sidebar. Windows or older macOS: open iTunes and click the device icon.
- Choose Back up all of the data on your iPhone to this computer.
- Tick Encrypt local backup and set a password.
- Click Back Up Now and leave it connected until it finishes.
iCloud Backup Over Cellular
Since iOS 17 you can let iCloud Backup run on mobile data. Go to Settings → [your name] → iCloud → iCloud Backup and enable Back Up Over Cellular.
Be deliberate about it. A first backup can be tens of gigabytes and will consume your allowance quickly. It is a reasonable choice for incremental daily backups when you are away from Wi-Fi for a long stretch, and a poor one for the initial full backup.
A personal hotspot from another phone counts as Wi-Fi to the iPhone, so that is another route when you have data to spare but no network.
Backing Up Just the Photos
If what you actually care about is the camera roll rather than a full device image, there are quicker options that need no network at all.
- To an external drive: connect a USB-C or Lightning drive and use Photos → Share → Save to Files. Our export walkthrough covers the power caveats.
- To a Mac with Image Capture: copies raw files over the cable without importing them into the Photos library.
- To a Windows PC: the iPhone appears as a camera under This PC, and you can drag folders straight out of DCIM.
These are file copies rather than device backups. They do not preserve app data or settings.
What Each Method Actually Saves
Worth knowing before you rely on any of them.
- Encrypted computer backup — the most complete option available, including passwords and Health data.
- Unencrypted computer backup — app data and settings, but no passwords, Health, or call history.
- iCloud Backup — similar coverage, but excludes anything already syncing to iCloud, such as Photos and Messages, since those live in iCloud separately.
- Photo export — photos only.
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